Egypt is one of the world’s oldest civilizations, offering an unparalleled blend of ancient history, cultural richness, and natural beauty. From the iconic Pyramids of Giza and the Valley of the Kings to the timeless charm of Islamic Cairo and the bustling bazaars, Egypt is a destination that captivates the imagination. The country’s diverse landscapes range from the golden sands of the Sahara to the turquoise waters of the Red Sea, making it a versatile destination for travelers seeking both adventure and relaxation.

Modern Egypt is a land of contrasts — where ancient monuments coexist with vibrant cities, and desert oases offer tranquility amid arid expanses. The warmth of its people, the richness of its traditions, and the sheer scale of its historical legacy make Egypt a compelling destination for families, couples, and solo travelers alike.

### Cairo & Giza
Egypt’s capital is a dynamic metropolis and the gateway to the Pyramids of Giza, the Egyptian Museum, and historic Islamic landmarks. Ideal for cultural travelers and those seeking a mix of history and urban life.

### Luxor & Aswan
Known as the 'world’s greatest open-air museum,' Luxor is home to the Karnak Temple, Valley of the Kings, and the Temple of Hatshepsut. Aswan offers a more relaxed pace with the Philae Temple and the High Dam. Best for history enthusiasts and slow travel.

### Sharm El Sheikh
A premier Red Sea resort on the Sinai Peninsula, offering world-class diving, luxury resorts, and lively nightlife. Popular with families, couples, and adventure seekers.

### Hurghada
One of Egypt’s oldest beach resorts, known for its coral reefs, water sports, and all-inclusive hotels. A good mix of affordability and accessibility, ideal for vacationers looking for sun and sea.

### Dahab
A laid-back alternative to Sharm El Sheikh, popular with budget travelers, divers, and windsurfers. Offers a relaxed atmosphere and unique Bedouin culture.

### Marsa Alam & The Red Sea Riviera
Less crowded and more remote, this region includes pristine dive sites like Elphinstone Reef and the chance to swim with dugongs. Perfect for travelers seeking peace, privacy, and untouched natural beauty.

Egypt has a predominantly arid desert climate with minimal rainfall and high sun exposure throughout the year.

- **Winter (November–February):** Mild temperatures, averaging 18–22°C in Cairo and 22–25°C on the Red Sea coast. Ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities.

- **Spring (March–May):** Warming up, with temperatures between 22–30°C inland and 25–28°C on the coast. Spring is a good season for diving and desert excursions.

- **Summer (June–September):** Hot and dry, with temperatures often exceeding 35°C inland and 30–33°C on the coast. Best avoided for land tours, though diving remains popular.

- **Autumn (October):** Transitional season with gradually cooling temperatures, making it a favorable time to visit.

Most foreign nationals require a visa to enter Egypt. Tourist visas can be obtained online before arrival or upon landing at major airports.

- Citizens of select countries (e.g., Gulf Cooperation Council nationals) may be eligible for visa exemptions.

- A single-entry 30-day visa costs approximately USD 25 for many nationalities.

- Visitors arriving at Sharm El Sheikh, Taba, and other Red Sea resorts may receive a visa on arrival valid for 15 days at no cost (subject to change).

- Customs regulations prohibit the import of narcotics, firearms, and certain medications without a prescription. Cultural artifacts require official documentation for export.

Egypt is accessible via direct flights from major hubs across Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia and Africa.

- **Cairo International Airport (CAI)** is the main entry point, with flights from London, Paris, Istanbul, Dubai, and New York.

- **Sharm El Sheikh (SSH)** and **Hurghada (HRG)** airports serve the Red Sea resorts, with seasonal charters and direct flights from European cities.

- Airlines offering regular services include EgyptAir, Emirates, Turkish Airlines, Lufthansa, and easyJet.

- Transit via Istanbul, Doha, or Dubai is common for travelers from North America and Australia.

Egypt offers a variety of transport options for getting around, though quality and comfort vary.

- **Metro:** Cairo has a reliable and affordable metro system covering key districts.

- **Trains:** Connect major cities like Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, and Aswan. First-class compartments offer better comfort.

- **Buses:** Available for short and long-distance travel. Public buses are inexpensive but crowded; private companies like Go Bus offer more comfort.

- **Cairo to Red Sea:** Regular buses and taxis connect Cairo to Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh (8–10 hours).

- **Domestic flights:** Operated by EgyptAir and Air Cairo between Cairo, Luxor, Aswan, and Red Sea resorts.

- **Cruise boats:** The Nile offers multi-day cruises between Luxor and Aswan, combining travel with sightseeing.

Car rental is available at major airports and cities, with international and local agencies offering services.

- **Requirements:** Valid international driving permit (IDP) and passport copy.

- **Costs:** Economy cars start at around USD 30/day; luxury and 4x4 vehicles cost more.

- **Road conditions:** Generally acceptable in cities and along coastal highways; less developed in desert areas.

- **Driving rules:** Right-hand traffic; speed limits apply. Be prepared for aggressive driving in urban areas.

- **Fuel:** Gas stations are widely available. Diesel is cheaper than petrol.

- **Safety tip:** Avoid driving at night outside major cities due to poor lighting and road conditions.

Internet access in Egypt is generally reliable in urban centers and tourist areas.

- **Wi-Fi:** Available in most hotels, cafes, and restaurants, often free for guests.

- **SIM cards:** Available at airports and mobile shops. Major providers include Vodafone, Etisalat, and Orange.

- **Data plans:** Affordable; 10–30 GB packages start at around EGP 60–150 per month.

- **Messaging:** WhatsApp, Viber, and Telegram are widely used. Facebook and Instagram are accessible.

- **Roaming:** Available but more expensive than local SIM cards.

- **Emergency internet:** Public Wi-Fi may be limited in remote areas.

Egypt offers a wide range of accommodation options to suit different budgets and preferences.

- **Luxury hotels:** 5-star properties in Cairo and Red Sea resorts offer all-inclusive packages, private beaches, and premium services.

- **Mid-range hotels:** Comfortable 3–4-star options available in major cities and resort areas.

- **Guesthouses & boutique hotels:** Found in Luxor, Aswan, and Sinai, offering a more personal experience.

- **Hostels:** Limited but growing in cities like Cairo and Dahab. Suitable for budget travelers.

- **Apartment rentals:** Available via Airbnb and local agencies, especially in resort areas.

- **Prices:** Budget accommodation starts at USD 15–25/night; mid-range hotels from USD 40–80; luxury resorts from USD 120/night.

Egypt’s official currency is the Egyptian Pound (EGP).

- **Currency exchange:** Widely available at banks, exchange offices, and hotels. Avoid unofficial exchanges.

- **Credit cards:** Accepted in major hotels, restaurants, and shops. Visa is more widely accepted than Mastercard.

- **ATMs:** Available in cities and tourist areas. Notify your bank before travel to avoid card blocking.

- **Tipping:** Common practice; 10–15% in restaurants, small amounts for porters and taxi drivers.

- **Budget tips:** Street food and local transport are inexpensive. Tourist areas can be more expensive.

- **Average daily costs:** Budget traveler: USD 30–40; Mid-range: USD 60–100; Luxury: USD 200+

- Emergency (police/ambulance/fire): 122
- Tourist Police: 126 (Cairo), +202 3535 8181 (24/7)
- Lost passport assistance: +202 2441 4600 (Cairo)
- British Embassy: +202 2795 1000
- US Embassy: +202 599 5000
- Russian Embassy: +202 2736 2000
- Medical assistance: +202 2736 3333 (Cairo General Hospital)

Egypt’s Red Sea coast is home to some of the best beaches in the region, offering a mix of public and private access.

- **Sharm El Sheikh:** Naama Bay, Sharks Bay, and Hadaba Beach offer sandy shores and water sports. Busy and developed.

- **Hurghada:** Sheraton Beach, Sahara Beach, and Zeytuna Beach are popular with tourists. Good for families.

- **Dahab:** Laguna Beach and Ghazala Beach are quieter, with a relaxed vibe and great snorkeling.

- **Marsa Alam:** Hamday Beach and Samadai Reef (Nurture Reserve) offer pristine sands and protected marine life.

- **Beach types:** Mostly sandy; some rocky or coral-based areas. Water entry varies from gradual to steep.

- **Season:** Best from October to April; less crowded and cooler temperatures.

Egypt is a top diving destination with world-renowned sites in the Red Sea.

- **Best locations:** Sharm El Sheikh (Ras Mohammed National Park), Dahab (Blue Hole, Canyon), and Marsa Alam (Elphinstone, Samadai).

- **Water temperature:** 22–28°C year-round.

- **Visibility:** 10–30 meters, depending on site and season.

- **Skill level:** Sites for all levels, from beginners to advanced divers.

- **Dive centers:** Numerous PADI, SSI, and CMAS-certified schools in resort areas.

- **Boat dives and liveaboards:** Available for remote sites like Brothers Islands and Daedalus Reef.

- **Season:** Year-round, with peak months from April to October.

Egypt offers a rich shopping experience, from ancient souvenirs to modern malls.

- **Must-buy items:** Papyrus art, alabaster lamps, Pharaonic jewelry, spices, and perfumes.

- **Markets:** Khan El Khalili Bazaar (Cairo) is the most famous for traditional goods and bargaining.

- **Malls:** Citystars (Cairo), Mall of Arabia (Alexandria), and Jolie Ville (Hurghada) offer international brands.

- **Local crafts:** Handwoven textiles in Luxor, Bedouin rugs in Sinai, and olive wood carvings.

- **Tax-free shopping:** Available in major stores. Look for Tax Free stickers and request a refund at the airport.

Egyptian cuisine is flavorful, affordable, and deeply rooted in tradition.

- **Signature dishes:** Koshari (lentils, rice, pasta, and tomato sauce), grilled kofta, molokhia (soup with chicken or rabbit), and ful medames (fava beans).

- **Street food:** Try falafel, taameya (Egyptian falafel), and fresh juice from roadside vendors.

- **Restaurants:** Cairo offers a mix of traditional eateries like Abou El Sid and modern fusion spots. In Luxor and Aswan, riverside dining enhances the experience.

- **Markets and cafes:** Visit local markets for fresh produce and traditional snacks. Ahwa (coffee houses) are popular for mint tea and shisha.

- **Vegetarian options:** Available, especially in upscale and tourist-friendly areas.