Bulgaria is a Southeastern European country known for its rich history, diverse landscapes, and cultural heritage that spans millennia. It boasts ancient Thracian ruins, medieval fortresses, Orthodox monasteries, and vibrant folk traditions. The country's terrain varies from the Black Sea coastline to the Balkan Mountains and fertile plains, offering a wide range of experiences. Bulgaria combines affordable travel with authentic Eastern European charm, attracting travelers interested in history, nature, and vibrant local culture.

**Key Regions:**

- **Sofia and Western Bulgaria:** The capital Sofia features a mix of Roman, Ottoman, and modern architecture, while the surrounding region offers mountainous retreats.
- **Black Sea Coast:** Resorts like Varna, Burgas, and Sunny Beach provide sandy beaches, water sports, and vibrant nightlife.
- **Rila and Pirin Mountains:** Ideal for hiking, skiing, and visiting UNESCO sites such as the Rila Monastery.
- **Plovdiv and the Rhodope Mountains:** Known for Roman ruins, vibrant arts scene, and scenic nature.

Each region caters to different travelers: families enjoy seaside resorts, couples and solo travelers seek cultural cities and mountain escapes.

Bulgaria has a continental climate:

- **Summer (June–August):** Warm to hot, 25–35°C, ideal for beach vacations.
- **Winter (December–February):** Cold with snowfall in mountainous areas, suitable for skiing.
- **Spring and Autumn:** Mild and pleasant, perfect for sightseeing and outdoor activities.

Seasonal variations support a range of tourism activities year-round.

- **Visa Requirements:** EU citizens do not require a visa. Many other nationalities need a Schengen or Bulgarian visa.
- **Passport Validity:** Minimum 6 months recommended.
- **Customs:** Duty-free limits apply for alcohol, tobacco, and goods. Declare cash exceeding €10,000.
- **Prohibited Items:** Weapons, drugs, and counterfeit goods.

- **Main Airports:** Sofia (SOF), Varna (VAR), Burgas (BOJ).
- **Direct Flights:** From major European cities and some Middle Eastern hubs.
- **Train and Bus:** Well-connected with neighboring countries.
- **Road Access:** Via highways from Greece, Romania, Turkey, and Serbia.

**Local Transport:**

- **Cities:** Efficient buses, trams, and metro in Sofia.
- **Taxis:** Widely available; use licensed companies and agree on fares.

**Intercity:**

- **Trains:** Extensive network but slower than buses.
- **Buses:** Frequent and economical for regional travel.

**Tips:** Use public transport cards where available and avoid unlicensed taxis.

- **Availability:** Major airports and cities.
- **Requirements:** Valid driver’s license; international permit recommended.
- **Driving:** Right-hand traffic; roads vary in condition.
- **Speed Limits:** Typically 50 km/h in towns, 90–140 km/h on highways.
- **Advice:** Watch for variable road conditions and aggressive drivers in some areas.

- **Internet:** Widely available and reliable in cities and towns.
- **Wi-Fi:** Offered in hotels, cafes, and public spaces.
- **SIM Cards:** Prepaid plans easily obtained with ID; main providers are Vivacom, A1, and Telenor.
- **Coverage:** Good nationwide, including some rural areas.

**Accommodation:**

- **Range:** From budget hostels to luxury hotels and spa resorts.
- **Prices:**
- Budget: €20–40/night
- Mid-range: €50–100/night
- Luxury: €120+ per night
- **Seasonal Variations:** Prices higher during summer and ski seasons.

Booking ahead recommended in peak periods.

- **Currency:** Bulgarian Lev (BGN).
- **Cards:** Widely accepted in cities, less so in rural areas.
- **ATMs:** Readily available.
- **Typical Expenses:**
- Meals: €5–15
- Public transport: €0.50–1.50 per trip
- **Tipping:** Generally 5–10% in restaurants and taxis.

- Emergency (Police/Fire/Ambulance): 112
- Tourist Information (Sofia): +359 2 980 1234
- Sofia Airport Info: +359 2 937 2600
- Bulgarian Railways: +359 2 929 19 42

**Notable Beaches:**

- **Sunny Beach:** Bulgaria’s largest and most popular resort with extensive sandy shores and nightlife.
- **Golden Sands:** Known for natural beauty and thermal springs.
- **Albena:** Family-friendly with clean beaches and facilities.
- **Sozopol and Nessebar:** Historic towns with beaches and cultural heritage.

**Best Time:** June to September. Facilities range from developed resorts to quieter beaches.

Diving is limited but available along the Black Sea coast, particularly near Varna and Sozopol. Sites include shipwrecks and natural underwater features. Conditions are suitable for beginners and intermediate divers, with diving centers offering equipment and courses during summer months.

**What to Buy:**

- Rose products and essential oils from the Rose Valley.
- Traditional ceramics and handwoven textiles.
- Local wines and spirits.
- Wood carvings and souvenirs from folk art.

**Where to Shop:**
- Central markets in Sofia and Plovdiv.
- Craft shops and boutiques along the Black Sea.

Bargaining is uncommon in stores but can be done in markets.

**Cuisine:**

- Combines Balkan, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern influences.
- Typical dishes include banitsa (cheese pastry), Shopska salad, grilled meats, and yogurt-based soups.
- Seasonal vegetables and fresh herbs are prominent.

**Dining:**
- From street food and taverns to fine dining.
- Widespread availability of vegetarian options.

Bulgarian wines and rakia (fruit brandy) accompany meals.